The-Hazards-of-Lithium-Batteries.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

INCASEYOUHAVEN’T‘HERD’ABOUT:ANEWSLETTEROFTUFTSEHSPAGE3200HARRISONAVENUE,BOSTON,MA02111|TEL617.636.3615|FAX617.636.2419|publicsafety.tufts.edu/ehsTheHazardsofLithiumBatteriesLITHIUMbatteriesareeverywhere.Theycanbefoundinchildren’stoys,electronics,computers,iPhonesandiPads,e-cigarettes,hoverboards,scientificinstruments,etc.PACKAGEOFLIBATTERIES,BEFOREANDAFTERDAMAGE:Unfortunately,theincidentsinvolvinglithiumbatteryfiresarealsoeverywhere.Thispastholidayseason,lithiumbatteriesinhoverboardswereresponsibleforseveralhousefires.Amazon®suspendedsalesofhoverboards.Lithiumbatterieshavealsobeenresponsiblefornumerouse-cigarettefires;bothwhenthepersonheldittotheirfacetoinhale,aswellaswhilethee-cigarettewasintheperson’spantpocket.Therehavebeennumerousemergencyairplanelandingsasaresultoflithiumbatteries.Inatypicalscenariosmokesuddenlybeginstoenterthecabin,thefiresuppressionequipmentonairplanesdischarges,butisinadequateatextinguishinglithiumbatteryfires.Thecaptainoftheplanethenneedstoquicklyperformanemergencylanding.Haveyouevernoticedwhenshopping,toysthathavethe“TryMe”buttondon’twork?Thenyourealizethereisasmallplasticpulltabatthebatterycompartment.Pulltheplastictabout,andthetoyworks!Thispulltabisaninsulatortopreventlithiumbatteryfireswhilethetoygetsshipped.Manufacturersbegandoingthisasaresultoflargefiresthatbrokeoutinmanufacturing,storinganddistributioncenters.Thereare2typesoflithiumbatteries:Rechargeablelithium-ionbatteries(sometimesLi-ionbatteryorLIB).Inthistypeofbattery,lithiumionsmovefromthenegativeelectrodetothepositiveelectrodeduringdischargeandbackwhencharging.Thesearecommoninconsumerelectronics.Alithium-ionbatteryisusedforapplicationsthatrequirerechargecapability.Lithiumionbatteriesprovidehighenergydensity,andcanberechargedtimeaftertime.Thesebatteriescontainnofreelithiummetal,butdocontainlithiumionsandhighlyflammableelectrolytes.Commonapplicationsarelaptops,cellphones,electricvehicles,hoverboards,hospitalequipmentandsomescientificequipment.Disposablelithiumbatteries(sometimeslithiumprimarybatteryorLi-primarybattery).Thesebatterieshavelithiummetalorlithiumcompoundsasananode.Lithiumbatteries,orprimarybatteries,aresingleuseandincapableofrecharge.Theycontainlithiummetalwhichishighlycombustible.Theydeliverextremelyhighenergyinasmallsize.Theyareusedwhererechargeisn’tnecessaryorfeasible.Commonapplicationsaretoys,medicalapplications,consumerelectronicsetc.Lithium-basedbatteriesareinexpensive,lightweight,powerful,andenvironmentallysaferthanmostalternatives.However,lithiumbatteriescangeneratelargeamountsofenergyandtherecanbeafireandexplosionriskassociatedwiththem.Storinglargeamountsofenergy,whetherit'sinlargerrechargeablebatteries,orsmallerdisposablebatteries,canbeinherentlydangerous.PAGE4VOLUMEVIII,ISSUE1200HARRISONAVENUE,BOSTON,MA02111|TEL617.636.3615|FAX617.636.2419|publicsafety.tufts.edu/ehsThecausesoflithiumbatteryfailurecanincludepuncture,overcharge,overheating,shortcircuit,internalcellfailureandmanufacturingdeficiencies.Manyincidentsreportedinthemediaoccurredwhilethebatterywascharging.Avarietyofchargingsourceswerereported–laptopUSBports,autoUSBadapters,desktopcomputerUSBports,andwalladapterUSBports.TheuseofordinaryUSBportchargingconnectionsmaybeonesourceoftheproblem.NotallUSBportsare“createdequal.”ThevoltageandcurrentprovidedbyUSBportscanvary.Ifyouarehandlingadevicethath...