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7.2RiskAssessmentStudies7.2.1IntroductionHazardanalysisinvolvestheidentificationandquantificationofthevarioushazards(unsafeconditions)thatexistintheproposedpowerplantoperations.Ontheotherhand,riskanalysisdealswiththerecognitionandcomputationofrisks,theequipmentintheplantandpersonnelareproneto,duetoaccidentsresultingfromthehazardspresentintheplant.Riskanalysisfollowsanextensivehazardanalysis.Itinvolvestheidentificationandassessmentofriskstheneighboringpopulationsareexposedtoasaresultofhazardspresent.Thisrequiresathoroughknowledgeoffailureprobability,credibleaccidentscenario,vulnerabilityofpopulationetc.Muchofthisinformationisdifficulttogetorgenerate.Consequently,theriskanalysisisoftenconfinedtomaximumcredibleaccidentstudies.Inthesectionsbelow,theidentificationofvarioushazards,probablerisksintheproposedpowerplant,maximumcredibleaccidentanalysis,consequenceanalysisareaddressedwhichgivesabroadidentificationofrisksinvolvedintheplant.TheDisasterManagementPlan(DMP)hasbeenpresented.7.2.2ApproachtotheStudyRiskinvolvestheoccurrenceorpotentialoccurrenceofsomeaccidentsconsistingofaneventorsequenceofevents.Theriskassessmentstudycoversthefollowing:Identificationofpotentialhazardareas;Identificationofrepresentativefailurecases;Visualizationoftheresultingscenariosintermsoffire(thermalradiation)andexplosion;Assesstheoveralldamagepotentialoftheidentifiedhazardouseventsandtheimpactzonesfromtheaccidentalscenarios;Assesstheoverallsuitabilityofthesitefromhazardminimizationanddisastermitigationpointofview;Furnishspecificrecommendationsontheminimizationoftheworstaccidentpossibilities;andPreparationofbroadDisasterManagementPlan(DMP),On-siteandOff-siteEmergencyPlan,whichincludesOccupationalandHealthSafetyPlan.7.3HazardIdentificationIdentificationofhazardsintheproposedpowerplantisofprimarysignificanceintheanalysis,quantificationandcosteffectivecontrolofaccidentsinvolvingchemicalsandprocess.Aclassicaldefinitionofhazardstatesthathazardisinfactthecharacteristicofsystem/plant/processthatpresentspotentialforanaccident.Hence,allthecomponentsofasystem/plant/processneedtobethoroughlyexaminedtoassesstheirpotentialforinitiatingorpropagatinganunplannedevent/sequenceofevents,whichcanbetermedasaccident.Thefollowingtwomethodsforhazardidentificationhavebeenemployedinthestudy:IdentificationofmajorhazardousunitsbasedonManufacture,StorageandImportofHazardousChemicalsRules,1989ofGovernmentofIndia(GOIRules,1989);andIdentificationofhazardousunitsandsegmentsofplantsandstorageunitsbasedonrelativerankingtechnique,viz.Fire-ExplosionandToxicityIndex(FE&TI).7.3.1ClassificationofMajorHazardousUnitsHazardoussubstancesmaybeclassifiedintothreemainclasses;namelyflammablesubstances,unstablesubstancesandtoxicsubstances.Theratingsforalargenumberofchemicalsbasedonflammability,reactivityandtoxicityhavebeengiveninNFPACodes49and345M.Themajorhazardousmaterialstobestored,transported,handledandutilizedwithinthefacilityhavebeensummarizedintheTable-7.2.ThefuelstoragedetailsandpropertiesaregiveninTable-7.3andTable-7.4respectively.TABLE-7.2HAZARDOUSMATERIALSPROPOSEDTOBESTORED/TRANSPORTEDMaterialsHazardousPropertiesLDOUN1203.DangerousGoodsclass3–FlammableLiquidTABLE-7.3CATEGORYWISESCHEDULEOFSTORAGETANKSSr.No.MaterialNo.ofTanksDesignCapacity(KL)Classification1LDO110Non-dangerousPetroleumTABLE-7.4PROPERTIESOFFUELSUSEDINTHEPLA...