AcuteSleepDeprivationandRiskofMotorVehicleCrashInvolvement60714thStreet,NW,Suite201|Washington,DC20005|AAAFoundation.org|202-638-5944CarcrashesrankamongtheleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStatesDecember2016TitleAcuteSleepDeprivationandRiskofMotorVehicleCrashInvolvement(December2016)AuthorBrianC.TefftSeniorResearchAssociateAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyAbouttheSponsorAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety60714thStreet,NW,Suite201Washington,DC20005202-638-5944www.aaafoundation.orgFoundedin1947,theAAAFoundationinWashington,D.C.isanot-for-profit,publiclysupportedcharitableresearchandeducationorganizationdedicatedtosavinglivesbypreventingtrafficcrashesandreducinginjurieswhencrashesoccur.FundingforthisreportwasprovidedbyvoluntarycontributionsfromAAA/CAAandtheiraffiliatedmotorclubs,fromindividualmembers,fromAAA-affiliatedinsurancecompanies,aswellasfromotherorganizationsorsources.ThispublicationisdistributedbytheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyatnocharge,asapublicservice.ItmaynotberesoldorusedforcommercialpurposeswithouttheexplicitpermissionoftheFoundation.Itmay,however,becopiedinwholeorinpartanddistributedforfreeviaanymedium,providedtheAAAFoundationisgivenappropriatecreditasthesourceofthematerial.TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyassumesnoliabilityfortheuseormisuseofanyinformation,opinions,findings,conclusions,orrecommendationscontainedinthisreport.Iftradeormanufacturer’snamesarementioned,itisonlybecausetheyareconsideredessentialtotheobjectofthisreportandtheirmentionshouldnotbeconstruedasanendorsement.TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetydoesnotendorseproductsormanufacturers.©2016,AAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyExecutiveSummaryPreviousresearchbytheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyhasestimatedasmanyas7%ofallcrashes,13%ofcrashesthatresultinhospitaladmission,and21%offatalcrashesinvolvedriverdrowsiness.However,therelationshipbetweenspecificmeasuresofsleepdeprivationandcrashriskhasnotbeenquantifiedinthegeneraldrivingpopulation.ThisstudyexamineddatafromarepresentativesampleofcrashesthatoccurredintheUnitedStatesbetween3July2005and31December2007,involvedatleastonelightvehiclethatwastowedduetodamage,resultedinanemergencymedicalservicesdispatch,andweresubjecttoon-scenemultidisciplinaryinvestigationsasapartofaspecialstudybytheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation.Investigationsincludedassessmentofdrivers’recentsleep.Thisstudyquantifiestherelationshipbetweenthenumberofhoursthatadriverhadsleptinthepast24hoursandtheriskofcrashinvolvementusingacase-controlstudydesign.Casesweredriverswhoon-scenecrashinvestigatorsfoundtohavecommittedanunsafeorillegalaction,inaction,orerrorthattheydeterminedwasthecriticalreasonforthecriticaleventthatledtothecrash;controlsweredriversnotfoundtohavecontributedtothecrashinsuchaway.Logisticregressionwasusedtoadjustforpotentialconfoundingbydriverage,timeofday,crashlocation,andrecentchangesinsleepschedule.Controlswereassumedtohavebeensampledfromamongalldriversontheroadinproportiontotheirexposure,thustheoddsratioassociatedwithaparticularamountofsleepapproximatestheratiooftheexposure-basedcrashinvolvementratesassociatedwiththatamountofsleepcomparedwithareferenceamount.Thefinalsamplecomprised7,234driversinvolvedin4,571crashes.Driverswhohadsleptforlessthan4hours,4-5hours,5-6hours,and6-7hoursinthepast24hourshadanestimated11.5,4.3,1.9,and1.3timesthecrashrate,respectively,ofdriverswhohadsleptfor7hoursormor...
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