Chapter7:PhysicalHazards79chapter7:phySicalhazardSOverviewPhysicalhazardsincludemechanical,electrical,heat,sound,andradiationhazardsthatmayoccurinphysicslaboratoryactivities,aswellasavarietyofotherscienceactivities.Hazardsineachofthesecategorieshavethepotentialtocauseinjuries(or,insomeextremecases,evendeath),butbytakinggeneralprecautions,suchasusingappropriateprotectiveequipmentandemphasizingroutinesafety,physicalhazardscanbeeasilyminimized.MechanicalHazardsQQIngeneral,safetycanbeincreasedbyensuringthatequipmentiswellmaintained.QQTurnoffallequipmentbeforeleavingthearea.QQStudentsmustonlyuseequipmentwithteachersupervision.RotatingMachineryMachinerywithrotatingpartscancatchlooseclothing,hands,orhair,potentiallycausingseriousinjuries.Uncoveredpartsmayalsoflyoff,therebycreatingadditionalrisk,especiallyforeyeinjuries.Tominimizerisks,dothefollowingwhereverpossible:QQEnsurerotatingshafts,belts,andpulleysarecoveredbyguards,lids,orcovers.QQCheckdevicesattachedtoarotorbeforeusetoensurethattheyaretightlyfastened.QQWear(andhavestudentswear)eyeprotectionwhenusinguncovered,rapidlyrotatingparts,asinthedemonstrationofcentripetalforceandcircularmotion.QQHavestudentsstandbackasmuchaspossible.QQHaveasafetyshieldavailableinthesciencearea.ScienceandSafety:AKindergartentoGrade12ResourceManual80ToolsCarelessuseoftoolsoruseoftoolsinpoorconditioncancauseinjuriestothehands,eyes,head,andlimbs.Tominimizerisks:QQRegularlychecktoolsfordefectsordamage.QQDamagedtoolsshouldbeimmediatelyremovedfromstudentuse.QQProvidestudentswithclearinstructionsonsafeusebeforetheyhaveaccesstotools.CuttingTools(Scalpels,RazorBlades)Bydesign,theseinstrumentsareverysharp.Carelessusecanquicklyresultindeepcuts.Tominimizerisks:QQUseextremecautioninhandlingcuttingtools,andensurethatstudentsdothesame.QQReplacementofbladesisbestdonebyteachersortechnicians.QQWeareyeprotectionwhenusingcuttingtoolsincaseabladebreaks.MagnetsLarge,powerfulmagnetsorelectromagnetscanattractothermagnetsoriron/nickelobjectswithsurprisingforce,whichcancausepainfulpinchingoffingersorhands.Tominimizerisks:QQInformstudentsofthishazardbeforesuchmagnetsareused.GlasswareAnykindofglasswarehasthepotentialtobreak,creatingtheriskforcutsorspilledmaterials.Tominimizerisks:QQWeargogglesforeyeprotection.QQUseheat-resistantglassware,whichislesslikelytocrackwhenheated.QQAvoidusingglasscontainersthatarecrackedorchipped,sincetheymaycrackfurtherduringtheexperiment.QQCleanupanybrokenglassimmediatelyanddisposeofinaspecialwastebindedicatedtobrokenglass.QQDonotpickupglasswithyourhands—useadustpanandbrushorbroom.Chapter7:PhysicalHazards81ProjectileLaunchersProjectilelaunchersareoftenusedinthestudyofmotion—sometimesasdemonstrationdevicesandsometimesasequipmentforstudentlaboratories.Equipmentusedincludessuchdevicesasballisticpendulums,commerciallyavailabledevicesthatlaunchplasticandsteelballs,andclassroom-constructeddevicesthatlaunchavarietyofmaterials.Whendecisionsaremaderegardingtheuseofsuchequipment—suchaswhichdevicesaretobeused,whowillusethem,andhowtousethem—itisimportanttorecognizefactorsthatcanintroducepotentialrisk.Thesefactorsincludethepowerofthelauncher,thenatureoftheprojectile,andthematurity,skill,andsafetyawarenessoftheuser.Thelocationandorientationofthelauncherwhenthedeviceisoperatedrelativetothelocationofstudentsisalsoaconcern.Thesedevicesshouldneverbeorientedina...
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