U.S.ChemicalSafetyandHazardInvestigationBoardCSB’sDriversofCriticalChemicalSafetyChangePage1SafeHotWorkPracticesHotworkisdefinedasburning,welding,orsimilaroperationsthatcanignitefiresorexplosions.HotworkincidentsoccurthroughoutmanyindustriesintheUnitedStates,includingfoodprocessing,pulpandpapermanufacturing,oilproduction,fuelstorage,andwastetreatment.Mosthotworkincidentsresultintheignitionofcombustiblematerials,e.g.,aroofingfire,ortheignitionofstructuresordebrisnearthehotwork.TheU.S.ChemicalSafetyandHazardInvestigationBoard(CSB)hasfoundthatthemostcommoncausesofworkerdeathduetohotworkareexplosionsandfiresduetoflammableatmospheresinconfinedspaces.ThetableofhotworkinvestigationsbelowdemonstratesthattheCSBcontinuestoseethesetypesofhotworkincidentsinvolvingtanksorcontainerscontainingflammables,especiallyathighhazardfacilitieslikerefineriesandchemicalplants.Theseincidentsoftenresultininjuriesandfatalitiesandhavethepotentialtoresultinamajorcatastrophicincident.InFebruary2010,theCSBpublishedtheSafetyBulletin,SevenKeyLessonstoPreventWorkerDeathsduringHotWorkinandaroundTanks.TheseitemshavesincebeenincorporatedintotheInternationalCodeCouncil2015InternationalFireCode,inanewSection3510,HotWorkOnFlammableAndCombustibleLiquidStorageTanks.TheCSBprovidesthefollowingsummaryofthesevenkeylessonsfromthebulletin:1.UseAlternatives–Wheneverpossible,avoidhotworkandconsideralternativemethods.2.AnalyzetheHazards–Priortotheinitiationofhotwork,performahazardassessmentthatidentifiesthescopeofthework,potentialhazards,andmethodsofhazardcontrol.3.MonitortheAtmosphere–Conducteffectivegasmonitoringintheworkareausingaproperly-calibratedcombustiblegasdetectorpriortoandduringhotworkactivities,eveninareaswhereaflammableatmosphereisnotanticipated.TheCSBhasfoundthatexplosionsandfirescausedbyhotworkareamongthemostcommonincidentsitinvestigates.Theseincidentstypicallyresultininjuriesandfatalitiesandhavethepotentialtoresultinamajorcatastrophicincident.CSBMAROilinvestigation,2008UseAlternativesTesttheAreaAnalyzetheHazardsMonitortheAtmosphere002280UseAlternativesTesttheAreaAnalyzetheHazardsMonitortheAtmosphere002280UseAlternativesTesttheAreaAnalyzetheHazardsMonitortheAtmosphere002280April2018Page2U.S.ChemicalSafetyandHazardInvestigationBoardCSB’sDriversofCriticalChemicalSafetyChange4.TesttheArea–Inworkareaswhereflammableliquidsandgasesarestoredorhandled,drainand/orpurgeallequipmentandpipingbeforehotworkisconducted.Whenweldingonorinthevicinityofstoragetanksandothercontainers,properlytestand,ifnecessary,continuouslymonitorallsurroundingtanksoradjacentspacesforthepresenceofflammablesandeliminatepotentialsourcesofflammables.5.UseWrittenPermits–Ensurethatqualifiedpersonnelfamiliarwiththespecificsitehazardsreviewandauthorizeallhotworkandissuepermitsspecificallyidentifyingtheworktobeconductedandtherequiredprecautions.6.TrainThoroughly–Trainpersonnelonhotworkpolicies/procedures,properuseandcalibrationofcombustiblegasdetectors,safetyequipment,andjobspecifichazardsandcontrolsinalanguageunderstoodbytheworkforce.7.SuperviseContractors–Providesafetysupervisionforoutsidecontractorsconductinghotwork.Informcontractorsaboutsite-specifichazardsincludingthepresenceofflammablematerials.YearInvestigation/Deployment2017PackagingCorporationofAmerica(PCA)(DeRidder,LA)2016SunocoLogisticsPartners(Nederland,TX)2014OmegaProtein(MossPoint,MS)2012LongBrothersOilCompany(ElDorado,AR)2009ConAgraFoods(Boardman,OR)2009A.V.ThomasProduce(Atwater,CA)2009E.I.DuPontdeNemours&CompanyInc.(Buffalo,NY)2009TEPPCOPartners(Garner,AR)2008MAROil(LaRue,OH)2008EMCUsedOil(Miami,FL)2008PhilipServicesCorporation(Kapolei,HI)2008PackagingCorporationofAmerica(PCA)(Tomahawk,WI)2006Partridge-RaleighLLC(Raleigh,MS)2006BethunePointWastewaterPlant(DaytonaBeach,FL)2001MotivaEnterprises(DelawareCity,DE)UseAlternativesTesttheAreaAnalyzetheHazardsMonitortheAtmosphere002280SuperviseContractorsUseWrittenPermitsTrainThoroughlySuperviseContractorsUseWrittenPermitsTrainThoroughlyTheCSBisanindependentfederalagencychargedwithinvestigatingseriouschemicalincidents.Theagency’sboardmembersareappointedbythepresidentandconfirmedbytheSenate.CSBinvestigationslookintoallaspectsofchemicalincidents,includingphysicalcausessuchasequipmentfailureaswellasinadequaciesinregulations,industrystandards,andsafetymanagementsystems.TheBoarddoesnotissuecitationsorfinesbutdoesmakesafetyrecommendationstofacilitymanagement,industryorganizations,laborgroups,andregulatoryagenciessuchasOSHAandEPA.U.S.ChemicalSafetyBoardOfficeofCongressional,PublicandBoardAffairs1750PennsylvaniaAvenue,NW,Suite910Washington,DC20006(202)261-7600@USCSB@chemsafetyboard@USChemicalSafetyBoardwww.csb.govVISION:Anationsafefromchemicaldisasters.MISSION:Drivechemicalsafetychangethroughindependentinvestigationstoprotectpeopleandtheenvironment.
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