InternationalJournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealthArticleApplicationofanImprovedModelforAccidentAnalysis:ACaseStudyJianhaoWang*andMingweiYanSchoolofTransportation&LogisticsEngineering,ShandongJiaotongUniversity,Jinan250357,China*Correspondence:jianhaomail@163.com;Tel.:+86-0531-80687416Received:16July2019;Accepted:31July2019;Published:2August2019�����������������Abstract:Animprovedaccidentcausationmodelwhichdemonstratestherelationshipsamongdifferentcausalfactorswasproposedinthisstudy.Itprovidesapathwayforaccidentanalysisfromtheindividualleveltotheorganizationallevel.Unsafeactsandconditionsdeterminedbyindividuals’poorsafetyknowledge,lowsafetyawareness,badsafetyhabits,etc.aretheimmediatecausesofanaccident.Deficienciesinsafetymanagementsystemsandsafetycultureremaintherootcauses,whichcancauseconsequencesattheindividuallevel.Moreover,theweaknessesofanorganization’ssafetyculturecanhaveagreatimpactontheformationofagoodsafetyclimateandcanfurtherleadtopoordecision-makingandimplementationofproceduresinthesafetymanagementsystem.Inordertocontributetoabetterperceptionandunderstandingoftheaccidentcausationmodel,onetypicalcaseintheprocessindustry,theoilleakandexplosionoftheSinopecDonghuangpipelines,wasselectedforthisstudy.Thecausalityfromimmediatecausestorootcausesisdemonstratedinsequenceandcanbeshowninthismodelexplicitlyandlogically.Severalimportantlessonsaresummarizedfromtheresultsandtargetedmeasurescanbetakentoavoidsimilarmistakesinthefuture.Thismodelprovidesaclearandresourcefulmethodforthesafetyandriskpractitioner’stoolkitinaccidentinvestigationandanalysis,andtheorganizationcanuseitasatooltoconductstafftrainingsandthustokeepaccidentsundercontrol.Keywords:accidentcausationmodel;accidentinvestigation;causesanalysis;individual;organization1.IntroductionAccidentanalysis/investigationiswidelyrecognizedasacrucialpartofcomprehensiveandefficientsafetymanagement[1].Theinvestigationreportprovidesdetailsabouttheoccurrenceandprocessoftheaccidentandprovidesfirst-handinformationforaccidentanalysisandprevention.Thebestapproachtolearningaboutsafetyistodrawlessonsfromaccidents:itisagreatchallengetorememberkeysafetycasessoastoavoidunsafeactsinpracticesincethereareendlessaccidentcases,andaccompanyingcauses,throughouttheworld[2].Findingoutvariouscausesembodiedinpastcasesisofvitalimportance,andonthisbasis,feasiblemitigationstrategiescanbemadetoavoidsimilarmistakesfurther.Theaccidentcausationmodelplaysanimportantroleinthisworkbydemonstratingthelogicalrelationshipsamongdifferentcausalfactors,whichcanhelppeoplebetterunderstandandrememberkeylessonseasily.Inthepast100years,numerousaccidentcausationmodels(theories)wereproposedinthedomainofsafetyresearch,andcurrently,severaltypicalonesdominatetheliterature:GreenwoodandWoods’saccident-pronenessmodel[3];Heinrich’sdomino-accidentcausationmodel[4];Bird’slosscausationmodel[5,6];Rasmussen’sriskmanagementframework(i.e.,theAcciMap)[7];Reason’somnipresentSwissCheesemodel(SCM)[8];WiegmannandShappell’shumanfactorsanalysisandclassificationsystem(HFACS)[9,10];Leveson’ssystemstheoreticaccidentmodelingandprocessesmodel(STAMP)[11,12].Eachaccidentcausationmodel(theory)engendersitsowndistinctapproachInt.J.Environ.Res.PublicHealth2019,16,2756;doi:10.3390/ijerph16152756www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerphInt.J.Environ.Res.PublicHealth2019,16,27562of12wh...
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