198XINDIANJOURNALOFAPPLIEDRESEARCHVolume:4|Issue:6|June2014|ISSN-2249-555XReseaRchPaPeRFireAccidentswithHighFireSpreadinBuildingsMrs.LillyGraceMural.PArchitect,ResearchscholarofSathyabamaUniversity,ChennaiKeywords1.Combustion–Fire,2.Firerating–Safetytime3.Compartmentation–Thicknessofwall,4.Exitwidth–DoorwidthEngineeringABSTRACTFireaccidentinbuildingsisathreateningonenowaday.Theseaccidentscreateheavylivesandpropertylosses.Tofindofthereasons,frequencyandgivingprotectiontoalltypeofbuildingsbecamechallengestotheprofessionals.Inthispaperthreecasestudiesarepresented,theignitionsource,firespread,reasonforliveslosses,propertylosses,positionofpassiveactivemeasuresareanalyzed,fewspotphotosalsoincorporated.Solutionsaregivenforcasestudybuildings,thecommonneededsolutionsalsogiventoavoidtheaccidentswithhighfirespreadinfuture.INTRODUCTIONFireisthecombustionprocessofburning.Itisachemicalreactioninitiatedbythepresenceofheatenergyinwhichasubstancecombineswithoxygenintheairandtheprocessisaccompaniedbyemissionofenergyintheformofheat,lightandsound.Thereforethreeelementsareessentialforcombustion.TheoneisCombustiblesubstance(fuel),thesecondoneisOxygen(thegas)andthethirdoneSourcesofheat(appliedheat).Absenceofanyofthesethreewillresultinextinguishingofthefire.FireAccidentisanunplannedorunexpectedeventinthebuildingenvironment.1.1Presenceofoxygenforcontinuousfire:Somematerialscontaintheirownoxygentheremovalofat-mosphericoxygenitselfisnotsufficienttoextinguishthefire.Thesematerialswillburncontinuouslyevenafterremovaloftheatmosphericoxygen.Thisisknownaschainreaction.Thereisasmalldifferenceinbetweencombustionandigni-tion.Combustionisanexothermicreactionbetweenasub-stanceandoxygeninwhichheatisgivenoutinsuchaman-nerthatmaintainsthetemperatureofreactants,thussettingupachainreaction.Insomecasesthereactionbetweenasubstancesandoxygenrequiresheattobeappliedtomain-tainthereactionandthereactionstopswhenappliedheatisremoved.Butthisisnotacombustionprocess1.1.1.PresenceofSourcesofheatforcontinuousfire:Thecausesoffireorsourcesareoftwotypes,thefirstoneishumanerrortypefire,andthesecondoneisappliancestypefire.Thehumanerrortype’sfiresarechildrenplayingwithmatches,rubbishburning,smokingandintentionalfire.Theappliancestypes’firesareelectricalappliances,gasap-pliances,otherfuelappliances,acetyleneandliquefiedgas,solidfuelappliancesandotherspecifiedcausesfire.Thesurveyandstudyrevealsthathumanerrortypesfirearethemaincausesoffireinthebuildings.Themodernmaterial-izedsocietyallactivitiesdependsonfuelconsumptionandenergyutilizationbased,mostoftheenergyutilizationpro-cessesarefirebased.Thisfirebasedactivitieshasbecomethemainsourceoffireaccidentandgavehighfirespreadinthebuildings.1.1.1.1.Presenceofcombustiblematerialsforcontinuousfire:Thespreadingandseverityoffireinthebuildingsisbasedonthenature,quantityandthearrangementoffireloadwhichisstoredinsideofthebuilding.Thetotalamountoffireloadisnotconstantoneverydaysometimesaddingupofad-ditionalload,sometimesthrownawaythewastematerialsbutthereasonableaccuratefireloadofthebuildingcanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheweightofallcombustiblema-terialsbytheircalorificvalueswithaddingthevolumeofthebuilding.Ifwedividingthetotalfigurebyeachfloorareawillgivesthedensityofthefireloadofthatparticularbuilding.Thetypeoffiredependsonthenatureandthetypeofma-terialsanditsthermalbehavior.Ifthevolumeoft...
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