Lecturer:Asst.Prof.Dr.EmineAtasoyluIENG409OccupationalSafetyandHealthManagementMechanicalHazardsHAZARDSINTHEWORKPLACEHazardsintheworkplacecanbecategoriezedas:•Chemicalhazards•Physicalhazards•Biologicalhazards•ErgonomichazardsHealthrelatedconcernwillbecoveredlaterunder‘industrialhygieneandworkplacehazards’,mechanicalhazardswhichisatypeofphysicalhazardwillbecoveredinthischapter.•Mechanicalhazardsarethoseassociatedwithpower-drivenmachines,whetherautomatedormanuallyoperated.–ConcernsaboutsuchhazardsdatebacktotheIndustrialRevolutionandtheearliestdaysofmechanization.•Failuretoprovidepropermachineguardsandenforcetheirusecanbecostlyforcompanies–Mechanicalhazardsthatarenotproperlyguardedareimplicatedinthousandsofworkplaceinjurieseveryyear.–Smallgainsinproductivityobtainedbywillfullybypassingmechanicalsafeguardsonmachinescancostcompanieshugefines&medicalbills.COMMONMECHANICALINJURIESInindustrialsettings,peopleinteractwithmachinesdesignedtodrill,cut,shear,punch,chip,staple,stitch,abrade,shape,stamp,andslit.Ifworkersfailtofollowsafetyprecautions,theseprocedurescanhappentohumans,insteadofworkpieces.Strains/Sprains,Cuts,ShearingInjuries•Astrainresultswhenmusclesareoverstretchedortorn,asprainresultsfromtornligamentsinajoint.–Strainsandsprainscancauseswellingandintensepain.•Acutoccurswhenabodypartcomesincontactwithasharpedge.–Seriousnessofcuttingortearingdependsondamagedonetoskin,veins,arteries,muscles,andevenbones.•Power-drivenshearsforseveringpaper,metal,plastic,elastomers&compositesarewidelyused.–Suchmachinesoftenamputatedfingers&handswhenoperatorsreachedundertheshearingblade,andactivatedthebladebeforefullyremovingtheirhand.CrushingInjuries•Crushinginjuriesoccurwhenapartofthebodyiscaughtbetweenhardsurfacesthatprogressivelymovetogether—crushinganythingbetweenthem.•Twocategories:squeeze-pointtypes&run-inpoints.–Squeeze-pointhazardsexistwhentwohardsurfaces,atleastoneofthemmoving,pushcloseenoughtogethertocrushobjectsbetweenthem.–Run-inpointhazardsexistwheretwoobjects,atleastoneofwhichisrotating,comeprogressivelyclosertogether.•Bodypartscanalsobecrushedinotherways.–Aheavyobjectfallingonafoot;Ahammerhittingafinger.CrushingInjuriesMeshinggearsandbeltpulleysareexamplesofrun-inpointhazards.Breaking•Machinesusedtodeformengineeringmaterialsinavarietyofwayscanalsofracture—break—bones.Puncturing•Puncturingresultswhenanobjectpenetratesstraightintothebodyandpullsstraightout.–Creatingawoundintheshapeofthepenetratingobject.•Thegreatesthazardispotentialfordamagetointernalorgans.SAFEGUARDINGDEFINED•TheNationalSafetyCouncil(NSC)definessafeguardingas…–Machinesafeguardingistominimizetheriskofaccidentsofmachine-operatorcontact.•Safeguardscanbebroadlycategorizedas–point-of-operationguards,–point-of-operationdevices,and–feeding/ejectionmethods.OSHAREQUIREMENTSFORMACHINEGUARDING•OSHArequirementsoverview—29CFR1910.212(Title29,Part1910,Section212,CodeofFederalRegulations).–Typesofguarding-Oneormoremethodsofmachineguardingmustbeprovidedtoprotectpeoplefromsuchpointofoperationhazards.–Generalrequirements-Wherepossible,guardsshouldbeaffixedtothemachineinquestion,orinthemostfeasiblelocation.•Affixedinsuchawaythattheydonotcreateahazard.–Guardingpointofoperation-Anypointofoperationthatmightexposeapersontoinjurymustbeguarded.•Guardingdevicesmustcomplywithallapplicablestandar...
