Vol.16,No.3(2017)93–108.93MajorChemicalAccidentsinthe21stCenturyEuropeanditsLessonsLearnedinHigherEducation1JózsefDOBOR2Thisarticleprovidesanexampleofhowtousecasestudiesinthecaseofdisastermanagementeducationsubjects.Thedevelopmentofthesubject’sprogramandcontentareacontinuousactivity,actuallyaconsequenceofthechangingworld.Companiescarryingoutchemicalprocesseswhilemaintainingtheircompetitiveness,cannotbeconsideredconstantinparallelwiththeconstantlyevolvingtechnicalconditions.Therefore,industrialprocesses,chemicalprocesses,accidentprevention,recoverytechniques,presentationsinthelecturesneedtobeupdated.Newmethodscanbeusedforcomputingdevices,applications,ortheirresults.Inthecaseofhazardanalysis,thesoftwareandthepresentationoftheircomputationalresultsare,inmyexperience,effectiveinthelineofteachingmethods.Namely,depictingandpropagatingthepropagationofagaseousmaterialwithadangerousproperty,thedirectionandspeedofthewind(andotherphysicalchemicalparameters)isaneffectivefrontaltechniqueforthestudents.Thechemicalprocessesarebasedonnumerouschemicalprocesses,whichareabletooperateunderconstantcontrolofthecontrolparameters.Thereisastrongprofessionaljustificationfordescribingtheseprocesses,whichisthesubjectoftheDangerousTechnologysectionofthesubjectinthefieldofindustrialsecurity.Keywords:hazardouschemicals,casestudy,chemicalindustry,chemicalaccident,highereducation,disastermanagementIntroductionMankindwashelpedbynumerousaccidentaldiscoveriesandinventionstoachievetoday’sdevelopmentlevel.Hereareafewseldomheardspecialdiscoveries:ThankstothedevelopmentofSirHumphryDavyin1815,byreplacingthelampusedforlightinginmineswithasafetyalternative,muchfeweraccidentsoccurredincoalmines.Methanewasanundesirableby-productinmanycoalmines,resultinginfrequentfiredampexplosions.Davy’slampsavedmanylivesandprovedtobeahugeopportunityformining.[1]In1839,CharlesGoodyearinventedaprocessthatmadeitpossibletouserubberextractedfromtherubbertreeonanindustrialscale,thusmakingrubberoneoftoday’smostusefulmaterials.Thevulcanizationprocesswasaccidentallyinvented.Thisprocessisachemicalprocesswhichincreasesthestrengthanddurabilityofrubbertires.Thetireretains1TheworkwascreatedincommissionoftheNationalUniversityofPublicServiceunderthepriorityprojectPACSDOP-2.1.2-CCHOP-15-2016-00001entitled“PublicServiceDevelopmentEstablishingGoodGovernance”intheMiklósZrínyiHabilitationProgram.2Ph.D.,AssistantProfessor,NationalUniversityofPublicService,InstituteofDisasterManagement;e-mail:dobor.jozsef@uni-nke.hu94(16)3(2017)J.DOBOR:MajorChemicalAccidentsinthe21stCenturyEurope…itselasticityinamuchwiderrangeoftemperature,thereforevulcanisedrubbercanbeusedformorepurposes.[1]In1846nitroglycerinwasproducedbyanItalianscientist,AscanioSobero,thefirsttodosoaccordingtothepublications.Nitro-glycerineisaveryexplosiveliquid,soitwasveryriskytouse.In1866,AlfredNobel,aSwedishinventor,mixedsilicondioxidewithliquidnitro-glyc-erine,thusobtaininganextremelyexplosivepasteandpatentedtheprocessin1867.Nobel’saimwastoplacedynamiteonthemarketanduseitforlargerconstructionwork,suchasbuildingroadsandtunnels.Unfortunately,however,dynamitehasbeenusedbythemilitaryasaweaponinnumerousbattles.[1]Thecontradictorystoryofdichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane(DDT)isalsoworthre-countingtothereaders.DDTwasfirstproducedin1874bytheGermanchemistOthmarZeidler.Itsusefulnesswasprovedby...
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