0HazardandOperability(HAZOP)&HazardAnalysisTraining1HAZOPFundamental2Ascenario…•Youandyourfamilyareonaroadtripbyusingacarinthemiddleofthenight.Youwerereplyingatextmessagewhiledrivingat100km/handitwasrainingheavily.Thecarhitsadeepholeandoneofyourtireblows.Youhitthebrake,butduetoslipperyroadandyourcartirethreadwasthin,thecarskiddedandwasthrownofftheroad.3PointstoponderWhatisthecauseoftheaccident?Whatistheconsequenceoftheevent?Whatcanwedotopreventallthosethingstohappeninthefirstplace?(5minutesforbrainstormingideas)4Whatotherpossibleaccidentsmighthappenontheroadtrip?Canwebepreparedbeforetheaccidentoccurs?5Canwemakeitmoresystematic?-Stopcar-Gotonearestgarage-UseemergencysignalDimNolightCarlight-Putasignboard-StreetlightsBreaksthecartireWithholesRockyRoadNightFoggyLowVerylowNothreadLessthreadToofastTooslowGuidewordCannotseetheroadRainWindowvisibility-ABSbrakesystem-Safetybelt-Airbag-Slowdown-SpeedupSkiddedwhenemergencybrakeRushingCarspeed-Checkfrequently-HavesparetireCarskiddedTiretooold,oftenspeedingandemergencybreakTire-TravelduringdaylightNostreetlightTraveltimeSafeguardActionConsequencesPossibleCausesParameter6•SystematictechniquetoIDENTIFYpotentialHAZardandOPeratingproblems•Aformalsystematicrigorousexaminationtotheprocessandengineeringfacetsofaproductionfacility•Aqualitativetechniquebasedon“guide-words”tohelpprovokethoughtsaboutthewaydeviationsfromtheintendedoperatingconditionscanleadtohazardoussituationsoroperabilityproblems•HAZOPisbasicallyforsafety-Hazardsarethemainconcern-Operabilityproblemsdegradeplantperformance(productquality,productionrate,profit)•Considerableengineeringinsightisrequired-engineersworkingindependentlycoulddevelopdifferentresultsWhatisHAZOP?7OriginofHAZOP•InitiallypreparedbyDrHGLawleyandassociatesofICIatWiltonin1960’s.•SubsequentlyCJBullockandAJDJenningfromChEDept.TeesidePolytechnicundersupervisionofT.A.Kletzappliedthemethodathigherinstitution(post-graduatelevel).•In1977,ChemicalIndustriesAssociationpublishedtheeditedversion.8LaterDevelopment-HAZOP•ICIexpandedtheprocedurecalledHAZARDSTUDYsteps1to6.•TheICIsixsteps:Projectexploration/preliminaryprojectassessment–toidentifyinherenthazardsofprocesschemicals,sitesuitabilityandprobableenvironmentalimpact.Projectdefinition–toidentifyandreducesignificanthazardsassociatedwithitemsandareas,checkconformitywithrelevantstandardsandcodesofpractices.USECHECKLISTS9Designandprocurement–toexaminethePIDindetailforidentificationofdeviationsfromdesignintentcapableofcausingoperabilityproblemsorhazards.Duringfinalstagesofconstruction–tocheckthatallrecommendedandacceptedactionsrecordedinstepsi,iiandiiiimplemented.Duringplantcommissioning–tocheckthatallrelevantstatutoryrequirementshavebeenacknowledgesandallinstalledsafetysystemsarereliablyoperable.LaterDevelopment-HAZOP10Duringnormaloperation,sometimeafterstart-up–especiallyifanymodificationbeenmade.TocheckifchangesinoperationhasnotinvalidatedtheHAZOPreportofstepiiibyintroducingnewhazards.Thisproceduresareadoptedfullyorpartlybymanycompaniesaroundtheworld.LaterDevelopment-HAZOP11ObjectiveofHAZOP•Foridentifyingcauseandtheconsequencesofperceivedmaloperationsofequipmentandassociatedoperatorinterfacesinthecontextofthecompletesystem.•Itaccommodatesthestatusofrecognizeddesignstandardsandcodesofpracticebutrightlyquestionstherelevanceoftheseinspec...
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