23ThispublicationisendorsedbyNEBOSHasofferinghigh-qualitysupportforthedeliveryofNEBOSHqualifications.NEBOSHendorsementdoesnotimplythatthispublicationisessentialtoachieveaNEBOSHqualification,nordoesitmeanthatthisistheonlysuitablepublicationavailabletosupportNEBOSHqualifications.NoendorsedmaterialwillbeusedverbatiminsettinganyNEBOSHexaminationandallresponsibilityforthecontentremainswiththepublisher.CopiesoftheofficialspecificationforallNEBSOHqualificationscanbefoundontheNEBOSHwebsite:www.nebosh.org.uk4International5InternationalFortheNEBOSHInternationalGeneralCertificateSecondEditionPhilHughesMBE,MSc,CFIOSH,ChairmanNEBOSH1995–2001.PresidentofIOSH1990–1991EdFerrettPhD,BSc(HonsEng),CEng,MIMechE,MIET,CMIOSH,ViceChairmanNEBOSH1999–2008EndorsedbyNEBOSH6Secondeditionpublished2013byRoutledge2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RNSimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanadabyRoutledge711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness©2013PhilHughesandEdFerrettTherightofPhilHughesandEdFerretttobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe.FirsteditionpublishedbyElsevier2010BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDatahasbeenrequested.Hughes,Phil,MSc,FIOSH,RSP.Internationalhealthandsafetyatwork:fortheNEBOSHinternationalgeneralcertificate/PhilHughesandEdFerrett.—2nded.p.cm.Includesindex.1.Industrialsafety–Examinations–Studyguides.2.Industrialhygiene–Examinations–Studyguides.I.Ferrett,Ed.II.Title.T55.H8392012363.11–dc232012010328ISBN:978-0-415-53511-3(pbk)ISBN:978-0-203-09629-1(ebk)Publisher:KaraMilneEditorialAssistant:EmmaGadsdenCoverDesigner:TomHusseyTypesetinHelveticaNeuebySwales&WillisLtd,Exeter,Devon7ContentsABOUTTHEAUTHORSPREFACEACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPHOTOGRAPHICACKNOWLEDGEMENTSHOWTOUSETHISBOOKANDWHATITCOVERSLISTOFPRINCIPALABBREVIATIONS1FOUNDATIONSINHEALTHANDSAFETY1.1Thescopeandnatureofoccupationalhealthandsafety1.2Themoral,socialandeconomicreasonsformaintainingandpromotinggoodstandardsofhealthandsafetyintheworkplace1.3Theroleofnationalgovernmentsandinternationalbodiesinformulatingaframeworkfortheregulationofhealthandsafety1.4Furtherinformation1.5PracticeNEBOSHquestionsforChapterAppendix1.1Scaffoldsandladders2HEALTHANDSAFETYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS1–POLICY2.1Thekeyelementsofahealthandsafetymanagementsystem2.2Thepurposeandimportanceofsettingpolicyforhealthandsafety2.3Thekeyfeaturesandappropriatecontentofaneffectivehealthandsafetypolicy2.4Furtherinformation2.5PracticeNEBOSHquestionsforChapter2Appendix2.1HealthandSafetyPolicychecklist3HEALTHANDSAFETYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS2–ORGANISINGIntroduction3.1Organisationalhealthandsafetyrolesandresponsibilitiesofemployers,directors,managers,workersandotherrelevantparties3.2Conceptofhealthandsafetycultureanditssignificanceinth...
