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WorkplaceexposuretovibrationinEurope:anexpertreviewVibrationdirective(2002/44/EC)Directive2002/44/EContheminimumhealthandsafetyrequirementsregardingtheexposureofworkerstotherisksarisingfromphysicalagents(vibration)CameintoforceacrossEuropeon6thJuly2005Nationalmeasurestransposingthedirectivehavebeentakenbyall27MemberStatesSets‘exposureactionvalues’andexposurelimitvaluesforhand-armvibration(HAV)andforwhole-bodyvibration(WBV)OneinthreeworkersinEuropeisexposedtovibrationatleastaquarterofthetimeNumberofaffectedworkershasnotchangedsince1996OlderworkersaremorelikelytobeexposedtovibrationinagriculturethaninconstructionInmanufacturing,workersaretwiceaslikelytobeexposedtovibrationiftheyareselfemployedSourcesandextentofexposureWorkplaceexposuretovibrationinEurope:SourcesandextentofexposureExposureabovethedirective’slimitvalueforwholebodyvibrationislikelyinseveraltypesofmobilemachine:e.g.somescrapers,finishers,dozers,loadersandfork-lifttrucksExposureabovethedirective’sactionlevelforhand-armvibrationislikelyinoperatorsofmostmainpercussiveandroto-percussivetools:e.g.chippinghammer,demolitionhammer,rockdrill,breaker,impactdrill,scabbler,rammer,vibratoryrammer),ofmainrotativetools(e.g.grinder,impactwrench,sander)andmainalternativetools(e.g.jigsaw,file)LikelyexposuresabovelimitvalueandactionlevelExposureformaintypesofoff-roadmachineVariationsinnationalprovisionsFollowingthedirective,allnationallegislationtakesthedailydoseasthestartingcriterionHowever,somecountrieshavesetstricterrequirementsthanthoseofthedirective:FinlandandPolandhavefixedshort-termexposurelimitvaluesGermanyhasanexposurelimitvalueof0.8m/s²forverticalaxiswhole-bodyvibrationManycomplementarymethodsforcontrollingexposuretovibrationarefoundinnationallegislatione.g.maintenancerequirementsandlimitationofexposuredurationManagementofvibrationrisksNeedtoadoptastrategybasedontheevaluationofrisksDirectiverequiresemployerstoassessvibrationmagnitudeInpractice,veryfewemployersactuallytakemeasurementsandmanydonotevenevaluatetheriskEvaluationisusuallybasedon:dataprovidedbytheequipmentmanufacturerorobtainedfromonlinedatabasesInordertoassistemployerswiththeirriskevaluation:Somecountrieshavetrainedlaboratoriestocarryoutvibrationmeasurement(e.g.Poland,Spain)Othercountrieshavefavouredmanagementofrisksbyusersthemselves(Belgium)Overall,thenumberofaccreditedorganisationsinthefieldofvibrationassessmentisstillsmallwhateverthecountryControlstrategyEradicationofvibrationsyndromeneedsactionatseveraldifferentlevels:introductionoflow-vibrationtools,organisationofwork,medicalsurveillance,etc.Technicalsolutionsarewellknown,butunder-usedKeysuccessfactorstocontrollingvibrationexposure:Integratedstep-by-stepapproach,Effectiveguidance,Implementationofapurchasingpolicy,Collaborationwithmanufacturers,Implementationofarangeofmeasures,Informationandawareness-raising.EffectsofthevibrationdirectiveUptakeoftechnicalsolutionsvariesbetweencountriesHighinFinland,GermanyandPoland,butrelativelylowinBelgium,FranceandSpainDifferencesinextentofuptakemaybeduetoGenerallackofawareness,Highcosts,Purchasers’ignoranceofhowtoselectadequateequipmentLowOSHawarenessamongmanufacturersanddistributorsVibrationdirectivewillleadtoImplementationoftechnicalmeasuresandadaptationofequipmentInsurers,socialpartners,researchorganisationsandmanufacturersWillprovidegoodpracticeguidesforriskassessmentandhealthsurveillance,butmayalsoencouragedevelopmentoflow-costdosimetersandofonlinecalculatorsOverviewofresearchinEU-27VibrationdirectivehasencouragedresearchincountriespreviouslynotveryactiveinthisfieldTherearestillinsufficientdataconcerningExposuretovibrationindifferentsectors,Useofmachineryundervariousworkingconditions,EffectsofmaintenanceandageofmachineryFurtherfieldstudymeasurementsarerequiredWBV:needjointscientificeffortstoclarifytheprerequisiteforanadequateriskassessmentEvaluationmethodsforhealthrisks,comfortandperformanceinISO2631-1and-5(frequencyweighting,multiplyingfactors)andusedinapplicationoftheEUdirective,areundercriticaldiscussionHAV:needtodevelopstandardised,reproduciblemeasurementmethodsforseveralclassesofmachinesandworkingconditions,includingtheuseofanti-vibrationglovesMoreinformationavailableat:Publication:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/8108322_vibration_exposureEuropeanRiskObservatoryhttp://osha.europa.eu/en/riskobservatoryEuropeanAgencyforSafetyandHealthatWorkhttp://osha.europa.euWorkplaceexposuretovibrationinEurope:anexpertreview